Blockchain in Accounting and Auditing

Blockchain is a unique ledger that records transactions between organizations, suppliers, and customers. When data is fed into the associated “blocks” they create an “operational record” and when the information is added, the blockchains are established.

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Everyone with the right to join Blockchain can view the same information in real-time. You can see who added data to each block and when this was done. These blocks cannot be deleted or changed. All Blockchain users own and are responsible for maintaining the blockchain, instead of having only one person controlling it.

In a secure Blockchain, Blockchain users decide who can join these ledgers and access levels. Some information can be encrypted to protect commercial security. A company can have a Blockchain with its suppliers, customers, banks, and tax authorities.

One thing that may be less known is that Blockchain technology has a great influence on the Accounting and Auditing industry and is a technology trend that experts in Finance – Accounting – Testing Math cannot be underestimated in the development-like context of the 4.0 Technology Revolution. Specifically:

Firstly, Blockchain application can help keep accounting information confidential. Blockchain is designed to resist data change. Information in Blockchain cannot be changed and only added with the consent of all nodes in the system. Even if part of the Blockchain system collapses, other computers and nodes will continue to work to protect information. By creating a unique ledger on a computer network; Their companies, customers, banks and tax authorities take notes and share information. When any of them add information, the ledger will automatically verify and adjust the data. Each party involved does not need to maintain their ledger, so accountants will not have to perform all transaction processing and adjustment. Blockchains create a real- time traceability record, so if Blockchain technology is widely adopted, the role of auditors in verifying transactions performed in Blockchain will no longer be necessary.

Secondly, Blockchain application helps minimize the possibility of economic mistakes. Blockchain Technology in Accounting – Auditing greatly reduces the possibility of errors when comparing complex and different information from different sources. Moreover, accounting records will not be edited and changed once saved to Blockchain, even if required by the owner of the accounting system. Because on the Blockchain platform, every day transactions are recorded and verified, so the integrity of financial records is guaranteed. Blockchain can reduce accounting errors and frauds. When a data block is added to the chain, the rest of the network must verify that data. When we make a transaction on the chain, all computers in the network will identify you and check if you have the right to trade or not. So if we need to pay $100 and we just transfer $50 by mistake, the other blocks will point out that mistake.

Thirdly, cybersecurity is tightened thanks to Blockchain technology. A hacker will have to invade the entire computer network at the same time to make any damage. If only one computer is attacked, other computers in the network will be able to detect and respond to the attack. Some other uses of Blockchain technology in Accounting – Audit industry can be mentioned as: Audit evidence can be monitored; Automatic audit process; Verify transactions; Monitor property ownership; Smart contract registration and inventory system for any asset, from raw materials to intellectual property.

Applying Blockchain technology can help financial institutions save money. Application solutions for accounting and auditing in particular may be developed, including:

Firstly, updating Blockchain technology for accountants and auditors through training programs. To promote the application of this technology in the field of accounting, auditing, accountants, auditors who need to be knowledgeable about this application. This new audit service based on this technology aims to encourage customers to access new solutions, allowing service users to view, check and track transactions on Blockchain close to real time. In order to seize the opportunities presented by this development, accountants and auditors must update the trends of these changes to the industry and become familiar with new concepts such as big data), cryptography, ledger system (Blockchain), payment system, payment via mobile devices and new platforms connecting providers and users of financial services. Therefore, in order to create a competitive advantage for yourself in the field of accounting and auditing in the future labor market, in addition to professional knowledge, it is necessary to update information on technology as well as new applications into the industry’s working environment.

Secondly, build companies that provide Blockchain technology applications in accounting and auditing. We are interested in applying Blockchain to what extent, bringing business value, where to start, and how to do it. The programming tools of Blockchain projects are limited, making it difficult to realize the idea of applying blockchain technology. Advanced Blockchain projects need to solve this problem, need complete programming tools to support application developers. To break down barriers in the application of Blockchain technology in accounting, professional organizations are needed to provide services, and access Blockchain technology safely, quickly and effectively.

Third, apply Blockchain on accounting software. The combination of Blockchain technology on accounting software will help accounting to optimize the confidentiality, safety and transparency of accounting information. Most recently, the application of Blockchain technology has been implemented on electronic invoicing software. Pioneering in Blockchain development solutions and applications on electronic invoicing software. E-invoice solution applying Blockchain technology helps increase the security, safety and transparency of invoices for businesses. This Blockchain technology is understood as a ledger, recording the entire status and updating the invoice information for all participants to check and validate the information. In the coming time, accounting software companies should further exploit Blockchain applications not only on electronic invoice software but also on accounting software.

In conclusion, in the context of the “Industrial Revolution 4.0” accountants and auditors consider how to work and can provide customers with higher-value work products. involves insights and strategic thinking. Blockchain could open many opportunities for Accounting – Auditing in the future.

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How To Create A Patient Centred Medical Practice

It is no secret that the healthcare landscape is changing. Patients are now more informed than ever before and are demanding a higher level of care. In order to meet these demands, general practices in Australia must shift their focus from volume to value.

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This means creating a patient-centred medical practice. According to practice management consultants, by being focussed on those who need care, medical practices can improve the quality of care they provide while also reducing costs.

What is patient centred care and why is it important?

This type of care is a way of delivering healthcare that puts the patient at the centre. It is about treating them as individuals and ensuring that their needs are met. This can be done by involving them in decisions about their care, listening to them and addressing their concerns, and providing them with information they need to make informed choices.

Patient-centred care is important because it results in better health outcomes for them. It also helps to improve satisfaction levels among everyone involved, and reduces costs. In fact, studies have shown that such practices can save up to 30% on healthcare costs.

How do you create a patient centred medical practice in your own office or clinic?

There are many ways that a GP clinic business can become more patient-centric. One way is to involve them in decisions about their care. This can be done by asking them what they would like to achieve from their visit, and then working with them to develop a treatment plan that meets their needs. It is also important to listen to them and address their concerns. This can help to build trust and ensure that they feel comfortable discussing sensitive issues with their doctor.

Another way is by providing them with information they need to make informed choices about their care. This includes providing clear explanations of diagnoses, treatments, and side effects, as well as outlining all costs associated with treatment. It is also important to provide them with information about their rights and responsibilities.

Other ways to create a patient-centred clinic includes:

· Having a separate waiting area for them.

· Offering flexible appointment times.

· Having an open-door policy so that they can speak to their doctor any time they have a question or concern.

What are the benefits of providing patient centred care to all those involved?

There are many benefits to focussing on your patients and their care. When you focus on them, it means that you are putting their needs first. This can result in many benefits for both them and your staff.

Some of the benefits to patients include:

· They feel like they are a priority and their needs matter.

· They have more control over their care and treatment decisions.

· They feel supported and understood by their doctor and medical team.

· They feel confident that they are getting the best possible care.

Some of the benefits to staff include:

· They feel like they are making a difference in people’s lives.

· They enjoy working in an environment where they feel supported.

· It creates a positive work culture where team work is encouraged.

Some of the benefits to GP owners include:

· They see an increase in patient satisfaction and loyalty.

· They have a better reputation which leads to more people wanting to register with the practice.

· They find it easier to attract and retain high quality staff.

It is important to remember that being patient-centred does not happen overnight; it takes time, effort and commitment from everyone involved. However, the rewards are definitely worth it.

How can you measure the success of your patient centred care initiative over time and make necessary adjustments along the way?

One of the best ways in which to measure the success of your initiative is to ask patients themselves how they feel about their experience. This can be done through surveys or interviews, for example. It is also important to track the outcomes of care; for example, whether those who come to you for services are recovering more quickly or requiring fewer hospital visits.

If you find that your care initiative is not as successful as you would like it to be, don’t worry! There are many ways in which you can adjust and improve your approach. For example, you could focus on training staff members in better communication techniques, or improving the way that information is shared between different departments. The most important thing is to keep trying and never give up on your goal of providing truly patient-focussed services at your clinic.

There are many ways to make your medical practice more patient-centred. Here are a few ideas:

· Put yourself in their shoes and think about what would make their experience better.

· Ask them for feedback and suggestions on how you can improve.

· Train your staff on the importance of being patient-centred in their interactions with people who come to the practice.

· Lead by example and create an environment where everyone is treated with respect.

Creating a patient-centred medical practice is important because it helps ensure that patients are at the centre of their care. This in turn leads to better health outcomes and happier people. Implementing these changes may take some effort, but the benefits are well worth it.

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How Does Cloud Contact Center Solution Benefit Startup Companies?

Author works in a company that provides a cloud hosted contact center solution and call center solution. The company also offers call center CRM integration, call center WhatsApp integration, call center social media integration, etc.

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Call center solutions have become a necessary tool for businesses, regardless of their industry verticals. From generating leads with cold calling campaigns to converting those leads with tight follow-ups, collecting collection, providing customer support, etc. can be handled using a reliable, scalable, and feature-rich call center solution.

There are multiple advantages of using a cloud contact center solution as briefed hereunder:

1. Get started with the best call center software

With major shifts in the industry, the use of omnichannel contact center solutions is increasing. However, all call centers or companies cannot afford to buy an omnichannel call center solution with an integrated CRM system and other advanced add-ons or features. This is the major roadblock faced by a majority of startup businesses.

Here comes the cloud contact center solution at the rescue. It offers the best call center software at the least cost, which makes it a perfect solution for startup businesses.

The cloud contact center solution will include the following:

Call center software
Integrated CRM solution
Call center dialer mobile app for agents
2. Don’t worry about expenses

A compressed budget is often a huge roadblock for any startup company. Even when the company wants to get the best infrastructure, it has to settle down with some tools or tools with basic features. However, cloud contact center solutions often resolve this concern of the startup call centers and businesses by providing the best features at the least cost.

The cloud software for call centers is available as a hosted call center solution. That means the startup companies just need to pay rent to use this solution instead of buying it. This takes off a huge burden from the startup companies as they don’t need to pay for the license cost and still they can enjoy the best contact center solution.

3. Continue remote operations

A cloud contact center solution can be accessed and used remotely. Thus, any business that wants to adopt work from the home environment can use this software. Startup companies can get benefited from this feature in multiple ways such as:

Run a virtual customer care center or a contact center. This will save a lot of money on infrastructure costs and physical office. This money can be used for other campaigns to grow and expand the business.
Continue operations in all conditions. As we all know, the world novel COVID pandemic waves continue to come and go. Likewise, there is the situation of war in the world. Similarly, there are multiple hindrances, which can cause a halt or pause to business. By using a cloud contact center solution, a startup business owner can be rest assured that even if there are hindrances, the business will continue operating.
In a nutshell, from giving the much needed kick-start to the startup business to keep moving forward, saving money and multiple other advantages can be leveraged by using a cloud contact center solution. These advantages can be leveraged by any industry or business, but startup companies are likely to get highly benefited by using a cloud contact center solution with a hosted model.

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Why Millennials Embrace Credit Unions

Did you know millennials have embraced credit unions? Why is that important? Millennials are the largest generation in our history and with so many in this age range, the banking industry is taking a close look at what this group of young people are looking for when picking a financial institution. Even though we know millennials love their gourmet pizza, buying cars online, and free Wi-Fi, there’s one thing they don’t like and that is banks.

The wants and needs of this generation are all very different from past generations and credit unions have invested the time to truly understand them. According to a survey from the FDIC, 30% of this generation doesn’t have a bank account because they don’t trust “banks”. An additional 25% think the fees are way too high. So credit unions have done a wonderful job promoting themselves as a great alternative for young people with these concerns. Here are a few reasons why millennials have embraced these types of financial institutions.

Enhanced Customer Service

Credit unions have a reputation of being more customer-friendly than traditional banks. Because they are generally a little smaller in size, they are able to deal with their members on a more personal level.

Lower Fees

In a 2018 Credit Union checking survey, it was discovered that 82% of credit unions offer free checking. While only 38% of banks offer free checking. These types of accounts don’t have any transaction requirements to avoid paying a monthly fee. They also charge lower overdraft and ATM fees.

Lower Interest Rates

Most of the time they have better rates on savings and investment accounts. More than any past generation, millennials keep more of their resources in cash, which means they need a safe place to put their cash where it’s safe from market variations and get reasonable rates. Keep in mind that they not only give better rates on savings accounts but they also offer lower rates on credit cards and loans.

Financial Education

Millennials are looking to become more financially literate. Credit unions are eager to educate members to help them make good financial decisions. They often hold seminars on a variety of topics to help members control their finances. These types of educational opportunities are often free and are generally not a pitch for any specific financial product.

Community Centered

They usually have vigorous social responsibility programs that help the communities where they reside. This is very attractive to millennials.

Easy To Work With

Traditional banks can be perceived as stodgy, while credit unions are known for excellent customer service and an “easy to do business with” mentality. In order to keep up with the technology that is expected by the younger generation, they are offering streamlined online and mobile banking experiences that were previously associated with the bigger more established financial institutions.

For the most part, millennials have a huge amount of school loan debt. They aren’t buying homes or cars. They are waiting to have families and they are more interested in community service than a large paycheck. Most of all, they are shying away from “corporate America”. That’s why Credit Unions meet their needs. They are not-for-profit, community-centric institutions that resonate with the youngsters that are trying to make this world a better place.

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Let Us Help You Spring Clean Your Finances!

Since spring has sprung we are taking every opportunity to open our windows and let the fresh air in. Most of us start cleaning out the garage, clean off the outdoor furniture and pack up our old clothes to donate to charity. Why should spring cleaning end with your home? This is the perfect time to tidy up your personal finances as well. Consider these recommendations to “clean” up your finances.

Contribute to your 401(k). Make sure you contribute enough to your 401(k) to qualify for maximum matching funds. Your employer is willing to give you this free money so don’t leave it on the table.

Open and IRA. If you own your own business or work for a company with no retirement plan, open an IRA. You can get big tax breaks from opening this type of retirement plan. If you don’t know which IRA is right for you, you can search “Types of Retirement Plans” at irs.gov.

Rate check your credit cards. The interest rates on your credit cards can have an impact on your balances and have the potential of adding up over time. If your interest rate is increasing your card balances, it’s time to shop around to find a lower rate. Other items that are options for rate checks are mortgage loans, auto loans and even your checking and savings accounts. For a real feeling of gratification, pay off the balance that costs you the high interest. If you want to zero our your balance by the end of the year, divide the amount owed by 7 and pay that amount every month. Can’t bite off that much every month? Move the balance to another card with an introductory rate and pay it off before the deal runs out. Make sure there are no high transfer fees.

Open a savings account. Follow these three steps when opening your savings account:
1. Set a financial goal and timeline.
2. Decide how much to save each month to help you reach your goal.
3. Setup automatic transfers into your savings plan from your checking account. This way the transfer is done for you and you won’t miss the money.

Review your credit report. Make sure your credit reports are free of mistakes. Remember, you are able to order one free credit report every year from each of the three major credit bureaus. You can get one free of charge from annualcreditreport.com.

Organize or discard old financial documents. Sort through all your bank statements, invoices, bills and other financial records and keep those that are only necessary. Be aware you need to keep tax returns, canceled checks, receipts and any supporting paperwork for your taxes for at least six years. Make sure you don’t just trash your important documents in the trash without shredding them. You don’t want them to be picked up by an identity thief.

Set up automatic bill pay. Spring-cleaning just isn’t about de-cluttering. It’s about making your financial life more efficient. Set up automatic bill pay and link it to your checking account in an effort to eliminate any chance of missing a payment and paying late fees.

Review your budget. Take a close look at your current budget and decide if you need to make any changes.

Pay off as much debt as possible. Spring is a good time to review your outstanding debts and which loans or credit cards you could pay off. If nothing else, develop a stricter payoff plan. Cleaning up your outstanding debt quickly will put you in a much better financial position for the rest of the year.

Record your financial passwords and store all your records in a secure place. Make sure you’re not using the same password for all your financial accounts. Protect yourself against identity theft by protecting your passwords and other financial documents in an online secure vault.

Be a community steward. Try and make a difference in your community. Believe it or not, giving of yourself to others will make you feel a lot wealthier.

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6 Basic Financial Analytics to Predict the Future Trends

What do you understand by the term “Financial Analytics”? It is a complete system involving various tools to effectively enhance the profitability or productivity of a company. Financial Analytics collect and assess the financial data of the company to gain an understanding of the different facets of your business prospect. With the help of graphs and charts, the collected data is displayed. It gives you a visual picture of the complex information and helps you to recognize the scenario much easily and smoothly. By analyzing the data with the help of Financial Analytics, you can also predict the behavioral patterns, the future trends, take mindful decisions and nurture your business growth.

Here are 6 basic Financial Analytics to help you predict future trends.

Predictive Sales Analytics or PSA
What do you think is the most vital aspect of a company? Undoubtedly, the sales revenue comes at the no. 1 spot and this is what decides the future of your company. When you adopt the PSA approach, you can easily predict the sales figure for a certain month. You can get an idea if the sales figure is going to drop for a certain period.
Accordingly, you may revise the strategies for boosting the sales or implementing the new ones to calculate how effective your prediction is. When you get a clear picture of your sales generation, your tensions and panic attacks are much lesser. You can adopt a range of competencies and strategic approaches to know about your clients, plan effectively, and achieve hassle-free workflow.

Product Profitability Analytics or PPA
In this competitive market, you must know when you should exactly make your investments. It can be quite a time consuming to make an estimate of the profit, analyzing the product and its cost distinctly.
In such a situation, PPA or the Product Profitability Analytics comes as the best solution for evaluating the product and determining its profit-line. It can help you to make an informed decision by gaining an instant understanding of all your offered products and services. In order to strategically promote your products, you must know the likes and preferences of your customers. Once you are aware of the customer’s demand using the PPA analytic tool, strategizing product promotion becomes easy.

Customer Profitability Analytics or CPA
Who is your prospective customer? Whether you are an e-commerce giant, a cloud host service provider, or any business across the search engines, recognizing your prospective clients can always benefit your marketing endeavors. There are two types of client-
One who brings value to your company
One who brings risk to your company
Your revenue generation can jump up if you can differentiate between your non-profitable and profitable clients. Your marketing efforts can get a boost if you can start recognizing your customers by extracting their detailed information. CPA or Customer Profitability Analytics can help you in analyzing your customer’s behavior.
Shareholder Value Analytics or SVA
Adjudge your business value on the basis of the returns your stockholders receive from your business with the help of Shareholder Value Analytics or SVA. This tool also helps in determining the risk and value percentage of the shareholders. When SVA is used with revenue and profit analytics, its execution is better and easy to comprehend.
Cash Flow Analytics or CFA
While running a business, you must understand how much capital your business requires to function smoothly. The Cash Flow Analytics helps to predict the outflow and inflow of capital, future capital investment requirements, and also the amount that you may require to foster corporate operations.
Value Driver Analytics or VDA
A positive approach is a basic requirement to run a business successfully. Apart from it, planning and implementing your well-planned strategies are also important to achieve the desired results. Your business objectives can be nurtured rightly if you can understand the financial disturbances that may affect your business. In relation to this, the VDA tool can help in analyzing the strategic drivers for your business to achieve expected outcomes.

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5 Common SEO Mistakes That You Should Avoid

Over the past few years, SEO has evolved faster than the previous decade. And this has made it harder for users to keep up with most recent updates. The launch of Penguin and Panda changed the way things worked in the past. In short, the way Google used to rank website has changed a lot. But if you want to reach your objectives, make sure you avoid some common SEO mistakes.

1. Avoiding RELEVANT CONTENT

In the start, Google said that it would rank websites that have the most relevant content on its first page. This statement is still valid. What has happened is that the search engine has become a lot better at achieving the objectives. In other words, now, Google is in better position to know what is relevant and what is not.

So, what you need to do is offer content that is relevant and avoid content is not relevant to your niche. Of course, the content should be informative and unique.

2. Following Tricks

People have been using many illegal ways of cheating the search engine algorithms for traffic, exposure and backlinks. Some of these tactics can still give you a temporary edge, but they are bad for your blog or website for the long-term.

So, you should avoid using low-quality, duplicate content, keyword stuffing, questionable redirects or cloaking for traffic. It may be tempting to go for these short-cuts, but they will just hurt your ranking, and may even get you banned for good.

3. Overloading your site

It has been a common perception that photos, videos and other graphics make a website more appealing for the viewers. To some extent, this perception is true; however, there should not be too much of it or your website will take ages to load. Your viewers don’t have all day to wait for your site to load. If your blog takes longer to load than other websites, the viewers will just click away. You will not only lose viewers, you will also lose ranking against other websites.

4. Making navigation difficult

Navigation is one of the most important factors for any website. It’s important for both viewers and search engines. Ideally, your viewers should be able to get the desired information from your website in one or two clicks. This may not be an easy task for you. So, what you can do is put important content on the main page of your site. This the users will be able to get what they want more easily.

5. Misunderstanding THE BACKLINK PROCESS

You may not want to be obsessed with obtaining a lot of backlinks. Although you don’t have to have backlinks from authority websites to establish your credibility, it helps a lot. However, what you need to do is try to get backclinks in a nature fashion. But it’s not a good idea to buy backlinks. This is one of the worst mistakes that you can make.

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Image Optimization for SEO – Best Practices

Quality content is the key to SEO success. Content doesn’t just mean your text contents. Images must be an integral part of your content strategy. At times, single images can be far more effective than your 1000 word blog post. It also helps you improve blog post quality and performance.

Images, Infographics, Videos and all other multimedia contents on your web page will help you in increasing the user engagement on your site and makes the visitors stay on your site for longer duration which helps in reducing the bounce rate.

Not just adding images to your contents, you should also optimize those images for better SEO performance. Optimization of images must be the one important aspect of your on-page SEO process.

If you are using images in your content, there are many aspects to be considered related to SEO.

Relevancy

Using images doesn’t mean that you should fill up your content with loads of pictures. You should use it only when it is required and also you should use images that are more relevant to your content.

Placement of your images is an another important aspect. It should be placed at a relevant location in your content according to your text content.

Use original images

Originality always helps in improving your user experience and your authority. Usage of original images will be helpful in improving your SEO performance. You can create original images with a graphic designer or you can take your own photographs with a quality camera. It is the reason top White hat SEO companies employ talented graphic designers for creating quality images.

If you are not able to employ an in-house graphic designer or if you are running out of time, you can always use high quality images from the web. But the important factor to be considered is it should be copyright free.

There are many tools available for getting copyright free images without any cost. The most popular ones are Unsplash, Flicker, Freeimages.

Image Size

Images are the main source for damping your site’s speed. And site speed is a crucial factor in your SEO performance. So, you should be extra cautious in using images without compromising your page speed.

It should not also affect your image quality, you should have a correct balance between. You can achieve this by reducing the file size by compression. You can use tools like Photoshop for compression.

File name

Search engine crawlers are visually impaired, it can even interrupt a 5000 word text content, but it cannot interrupt a single image and what the image is about. It is the reason using a keyword rich file names for your images is an important aspect in image optimization.

Google bots and other search engine crawlers can read your image’s file name and if it is named with your target keyword, it gives a signal to search engines about the image topic and thus helps your SEO performance.

For example, if your image is related to selling sports shoes, rather than using the file name as “IMG_89868″ you can use it as “Black_Tennis_Shoes”.

Alt text

Similar to the file name, search engines can read Alt text of the images. Alt text is known as “Aleternative Text”, is an HTML attribute used to describe the content of images.

You should use Alt text which is relevant to your images and it should be clear and descriptive. You can use your target keywords in the Alt text but be cautious about Keyword stuffing.

If you are not focusing on Image optimization, you are missing a huge opportunity in improving your SEO performance. You can use above mentioned best practices in your on-page optimization process.

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Best Support And Opportunities For All Youth

American youth currently face challenging realities along their way to adulthood. With parents working longer hours and the absence of grandparents and other community adults who used to make up support systems, the intergenerational fabric of community has been frayed. Youth development strategies aim to reweave community fabric in a new way – one that takes the supports and opportunities young people should have, and re-institutes them in the context of young people’s realities today. While many of these realities are harsh ones, we know that young people themselves want to be involved in their communities. The importance of building positive youth/adult partnerships in this process cannot be stressed enough.

The mobilization effort is based on influencing three critical elements: information, attitudes, involvement. The transformation of each of these areas, both in the public and private domains, is a necessary condition for change. For example, in the area of information, the country is currently focused on collecting primarily negative youth information, e.g., teenage births, dropouts, and juvenile arrest rate. Inspiring a 180 degree shift, we need to collect information such as: average number of hours youth participate in after-school activities, computer to youth ratio in non-school hours, and the percentage of youth who hold part-time jobs. The three elements are intertwined, for how information is gathered and communicated impacts attitudes as well as how and if people choose to become involved.

Only through broad community commitment, strong public will, and diverse partnerships can youth development take root, go to scale, and be sustained over time. Ultimately, the mobilization must be supported by partnerships among all of the systems in a community that affect young people (i.e., education, corporations, health care, juvenile justice, religious groups, and recreation). To build these relationships and establish youth development infrastructures to improve developmental paths of adolescents will take at least 10 years.

Localities currently spending their resources on efforts to “fix youth” will need to pool, redirect, and increase their financial commitment to youth development. These additional dollars will ensure all youth equal access to supports and opportunities, especially youth living in economically distressed areas.

Our information on the services young people need, and use, is still hit or miss. Communities do not know what they have or what they need. They usually have no way to tell how well services are being used and what services need to be improved.

Good information is important for youth services for exactly the same reasons it is important for everything else. Accurate, accessible standardized information lets people find the services they need and use them effectively. It lets communities manage, evaluate and improve their services and determine the need for changing them, eliminating them, or developing new ones.

Many national efforts to measure outcomes presently use deficit-driven indicators to assess young people’s condition in society, such as teen pregnancy rates, juvenile crime numbers, and percentages of high school dropouts. Although these measures are important, they do not tell the whole story about young people’s experiences. Measures that reflect positive conditions and experiences of young people are also important.

The accelerated trend of the past decade toward empowering our nation’s young people to succeed has fostered a new awareness and commitment to this most valuable resource. Some basic questions are:

- How much do we currently spend?

- How much should we spend?

Some progress has been made through new initiatives in education finance reform and services integration, providing more effective delivery of social, health and educational services for children and youth from the classroom up to the government. This document establishes an initial framework and formula for assessing the financial resources and mechanisms necessary to move American society closer to this ideal. The following were found to be potential root causes of these trends in spending:

- Devaluation of adolescents.

- Lack of consensus on youth development.

- Lack of adequate and protected funding. Funds are not protected and dedicated in the manner necessary to sustain the long-term, comprehensive process that is youth development.

We can support the move toward the ideal by:

- Seeking new types of information.

- Building on the after-school momentum.

- Making a sustainable public investment.

Youth development is an investment that must be made by each sector of the wider community – public and private. Examination of the federal-state matching, local dedicated taxes an incentives for business and philanthropy could lead to models for providing adequate and sustainable funding for youth development. National intermediaries must work to cultivate this leadership at all levels of government, and at the grassroots, by creating constituencies.

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State Sponsored Retirement Plans Continue to Expand

Several states are taking the lead from California, Oregon and Illinois by offering state-sponsored retirement plans that encourage or require private sector employers to participate.

The plans are referred to as auto-IRAs because eligible workers are automatically enrolled, generally within 30 days of employment. The default contribution rate is typically 3-5% of a paycheck and the employee can stop, restart or transfer plan assets depending on their needs. Referred to as “public-private partnerships” by the Pew Charitable Trust, there is no cost to the employer. Proceeds are managed by a private financial firm management for a pre-determined fee. The plans are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) like other sponsored pension and benefit plans.

This article provides an overview of the states that currently offer savings programs, as well as those that plan to do so in the future.

OregonSaves

Oregon was one of the first states to implement a savings program for employees of small businesses who are not otherwise eligible for a workplace sponsored pension plan. Titled OregonSaves, it is a state retirement program that is available to an employer or an individual planning for the future.

OregonSaves had almost $57 million in assets as of mid-2020. Employee contributions averaged $127 to $135 per month as of that time.

Enrollment is automatic for employees, with contributions being made through payroll deductions. Each employee account is portable and can be moved from one job to another.

All Oregon employers, regardless of employee size, must facilitate the State’s program for their employees if they do not offer an employer-sponsored retirement plan. The plan is working with small employers to make the process as simple as possible.

CalSavers

CalSavers is available to California workers whose employers do not offer a workplace retirement plan, self-employed individuals, and others who want to increase their savings. Plan participants contribute to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) that belongs to them.

California employers with more than 50 employees must register with CalSavers by June 30, 2021 if they do not already sponsor a retirement plan. Registration is available to all California employers with at least five employees.

The CalSavers program opened statewide in July 2019 and had $4.3 million in assets as of mid-2020. On average, participating employees contribute $105 to $120 monthly. Like the Oregon plan, the default savings rate is 5% of the employee’s pay and employees are automatically enrolled after 30 days of employment. They can stop, restart or transfer plan participation at any time if they change employers.

CalSavers Retirement Savings Program is designed to simplify employer participation with no employer fees, no fiduciary responsibility, and minimal ongoing responsibilities. Employers that fail to offer participation in the plan as required are subject to fines.

In May 2021, a federal appeals court in San Francisco dismissed a legal challenge to the CalSavers plan.

Illinois Secure Choice Retirement Savings Program

Illinois launched its Secure Choice Retirement Savings Program in 2018. It is a state-facilitated retirement program that is open to employees who work for an eligible employer as well as other employees who want to enroll independent of their employer. Approximately 32,000 Illinois employees saved $8.5 million in the first year of the Illinois Secure Choice program, according to state reports.

The Illinois Secure Choice account is a Roth IRA for the employee. The default savings rate is 5% of gross pay. Employees are automatically enrolled through payroll contributions after 30 days of employment. An employee can opt out at any time. Plan participants are charged a fee of 0.75% of assets per year ($0.75 for every $100 saved), which pays for program administration and operating expenses.

The Illinois Secure Choice had 5,544 registered employers as of May 2020. There are no fees for employers to facilitate the program and employers cannot make contributions to their employee accounts. Employers serve a limited role as a facilitator. As of November, 2019, employers with 25 or more employees that have been in business for two years or more are required to participate in the program. Employers that already offer an employer-sponsored retirement plan are exempt from this legislation.

New Jersey Secure Choice Savings

The “New Jersey Secure Choice Savings Act,” was signed into law in March 2019, with a two-year time frame scheduled to take effect in March 2021.

The Act requires employers that have been in business for two years and have 25 or more employees to participate in a retirement savings program administered through automatic payroll deductions. Private sector employees of businesses of any size are able to participate in the retirement savings program. Smaller or newer employers could join voluntarily. Failure to comply will result in fines to the employer.

Employees will be automatically enrolled at the leve of a 3% paycheck contribution. The annual contribution maximum is $6,000 for those under 50 years old, and $7,000 for those 50 or older.

Connecticut Secure Choice Savings Plan

Connecticut employers with five or more employees must offer a retirement plan to employees, and private employers with four or fewer employees may choose to do so. Employees are auto-enrolled within 120 days of employment, and employees must be notified of their rights within 30 days. Employers are not permitted to make contributions to the program.

The Connecticut Retirement Security Authority, a quasi-public agency, was formed in 2016 to oversee the program. The state estimates that as many as 600,000 employees may benefit from the plan.

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